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Phase response of intensity microphones:
Generally speaking, one can say that the intensity technique measures the direction of the sound wave by detecting differences in arrival time at two microphone positions.
If the sound wave arrives at microphone A first and then, slightly later, at microphone B, the sound wave must be travelling in the direction from A to B. If, on the other hand, the sound arrives at microphone B first, then it must be travelling in the opposite direction. If the sound wave arrives at the two microphones at the same time, the sound wave must be travelling perpendicular to the microphone pair.
The ability of the microphones to determine accurately small timing differences can be expressed as the phase difference between the two microphones. Therefore, phase-matching is an all-important parameter for intensity microphones.
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